How to Import Himalayan Yak Chews into the US? Detailed Guide

The demand for all-natural, long-lasting dog chews made from Himalayan yak milk (“chhurpi”) has experienced significant growth in recent years. As a certified exporter in Nepal, we’ve seen U.S. importers are actively seeking these premium pet treats. Nepal’s dog chew exports reached a record NPR 4.0 billion (over $27 million) in 2024–25, with approximately 90% destined for the U.S. market. In the first half of 2025, Nepal exported 963 tonnes of yak chews valued at NPR 1.80 billion, with 852 tonnes (NPR 1.59 billion) imported by the United States. 

According to Dr. Ramnand Tiwari of Nepal’s Department of Livestock Services, “Nepal’s dog chews are emerging as a premium export in the global pet treat market, fueled by rising demand in the United States and beyond.” American and Canadian pet owners demonstrate a strong preference for hard cheese-based chews made from yak milk, primarily produced in eastern Nepal. This comprehensive guide provides U.S. importers with detailed procedures for importing Himalayan dog chews into the United States, covering regulatory compliance, supplier certification requirements, and operational best practices.

Why the US is a Prime Market?

The United States represents the largest market for Himalayan dog chews. About 87% of Nepal’s dog chew exports go to the U.S. According to rising nepal daily news, In mid-2025 Nepal shipped 1,888 tonnes (NPR 3.49 billion) of chhurpi to U.S. buyers, compared to 138 tonnes (NPR 308 million) to Canada. Industry officials attribute this dominance to strong U.S. consumer demand for natural, high-protein pet treats and Nepal’s established reputation for quality manufacturing.

The U.S. pet industry represents a substantial and expanding market. According to the American Pet Products Association, U.S. consumers spent $65.8 billion on pet food and treats in 2024, with the pet treats and chews segment representing an $11–13 billion market. In recent years pet owners have shifted toward healthier, limited-ingredient Products. A 2022 Packaged Facts survey revealed that 83% of U.S. pet owners prefer healthier treat options. 

Himalayan yak chews align with these market trends, consisting of 99% yak-and-cow milk cheese with high protein and mineral content containing only salt and lime as additives, For dog-centric households (68 million U.S. homes have dogs), premium natural chews represent a desirable product category. The robust U.S. import market presents opportunities for emerging importers to establish private label “Himalayan Dog Chew” product lines.

Regulatory & Compliance Requirements in US

Federal Regulatory Requirements

Importing pet treats, including Himalayan yak chews, into the United States requires strict adherence to federal food and agricultural regulations. Key regulatory frameworks include:

• Pet Food Uniform Regulatory Reform (PURR) Act (2024): This newly-introduced federal legislation centralizes pet food label and ingredient approvals under FDA authority, replacing inconsistent state-by-state oversight. While importers should monitor this Act’s implementation, it does not modify existing safety standards but rather streamlines label approval processes across states.
  
• FDA/Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act): All pet foods and treats are governed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act). Under Sections 402–403 of the FD&C Act, imported animal foods must be safe and wholesome, contain no harmful substances, and be truthfully labeled. U.S. regulations (21 CFR Part 501) specify labeling rules: each package must show a product name, species (dog/cat), net weight, ingredients (using AAFCO names), guaranteed analysis (min protein/fat, max fiber/moisture), feeding directions, and the name/address of manufacturer or importer. Importers should check that their supplier’s labels meet these federal rules before shipping.
  
• Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act (2002): U.S. law requires facility registration and prior notice for all imported foods (including animal foods). The foreign manufacturer/processor must be registered with the FDA, and the importer must file an electronic Prior Notice (via FDA’s FURLS) at least 2 hours (or more, depending on transport mode) before arrival. Each import shipment of yak chews must have this notice on file. Failure to register or file Prior Notice can result in the shipment being refused by FDA. (Note: FDA allows foreign firms to obtain a unique facility identifier to streamline this process.)
  
• Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA): FSMA gives FDA authority for proactive safety programs. In particular, FSMA’s Foreign Supplier Verification Program (FSVP) requires U.S. importers to implement a written program verifying that their Nepalese suppliers meet U.S. safety standards. This means conducting hazard analysis, ensuring traceability, and verifying the exporter (and their production controls) are reputable and compliant.
  
• USDA/APHIS Permits: Because yak chew is an animal-origin product (dairy cheese), USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) may require an import permit. Generally, a USDA import permit is needed for any animal food containing meat or dairy from countries with certain livestock diseases. Nepal is considered a foot-and-mouth risk country, so importers should apply via APHIS VSS (Veterinary Services) eFile for an import permit before shipping. Even if not explicitly required, having an APHIS permit and the accompanying Health Certificate (from Nepal’s animal health authorities) can streamline Customs entry and USDA inspection.
  
• Other Federal Rules: Other FSMA rules (such as Sanitary Transport and preventive controls) may apply once products arrive. Importers must ensure shipments use sanitary transportation and follow any FSMA ‘Current Good Manufacturing Practices’ in production.
  

FDA (safety, labeling, registration, prior notice, FSVP), USDA/APHIS (import permits for dairy), and the Bioterrorism Act. Importers should work with their Nepalese exporter to gather all required export health and safety certificates, and register or notify FDA as needed. A licensed customs broker can also guide the filing of documents with CBP.

Essential Certifications and Quality Standards

U.S. buyers expect Nepalese yak chew suppliers to meet international quality benchmarks. Top exporters typically hold:

• ISO Certifications: (e.g. ISO 22000 Food Safety, ISO 9001 Quality Management) ensure robust food safety management systems.
  
• HACCP: A validated Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points plan for dairy processing is often mandatory.
  
• DFTQC Standards: Nepal’s Department of Food Technology & Quality Control (DFTQC, under the Ministry of Agriculture) sets local hygiene and testing standards. Exporters should pass DFTQC inspections and obtain an export “Test Report” confirming microbial and contaminant limits.
  

In fact, leading Nepali firms highlight exactly these credentials: “Our current certifications include FDA approval, ISO, HACCP, SA8000 and DFTQC standards”. (Note: the FDA doesn’t “approve” pet foods per se, but foreign facilities must register and comply with FDA rules.) Strong quality systems give U.S. importers confidence – ask potential suppliers for copies of their certificates and audit reports. Also verify they use only approved ingredients (all components of chhurpi should be GRAS or AAFCO-listed). A Nepal exporter certified by ISO, HACCP, and SA8000 is more likely to meet U.S. scrutiny.

Labeling and Packaging Standards

U.S. law mandates specific label content and packaging to ensure safe, clear pet food products. Essential label elements include the brand and product name, intended species (Dog), net weight (in lbs/kg), ingredients list, guaranteed analysis (protein, fat, fiber, moisture), feeding directions, and the name and address of the manufacturer or distributor. Many importers also include feeding guidelines (serving size) and calorie content. Labels must use AAFCO-defined ingredient names and display nutrition guarantees in the prescribed order. (For example, “Guaranteed Analysis: Crude Protein (Min) 50%, Crude Fat (Min) 30%, Crude Fiber (Max) 1%, Moisture (Max) 10%.”) All numeric values need both U.S. and metric units; net weight must be on the principal display panel.

Packaging must protect the chews and control moisture. Himalayan yak chews typically have ~10–12% moisture and can mold if damp. Use vacuum-sealed or high-barrier pouches with moisture-absorbing liners or desiccant to keep products dry. Resealable pouches or bags with zip closures help consumers keep chews fresh. Insert a silica gel or oxygen absorber for bulk shipments to prevent spoilage over long transit. Durable corrugated cartons with tamper-evident seals (and USDA-inspected dairy labeling) are recommended for sea shipments. The packaging should also include handling instructions (e.g. “Store in a cool, dry place”) to maintain quality.

For larger wholesale orders, palletize cartons on wooden pallets and wrap them in plastic to protect from moisture. As one Nepalese exporter advises, attach clear carton labels on each box to avoid confusion at unpacking. In summary, ensure all federal labeling requirements are met (21 CFR 501 and AAFCO guidelines) and that the packaging preserves chew quality (moisture-barrier materials, desiccants, and secure sealing).

Step-by-Step Import Process of Himalayan Yak Chew

Bringing Himalayan yak chews into the U.S. involves coordinated steps between the Nepal exporter and the U.S. importer:

1. Verify Exporter Credentials: Confirm your Nepalese supplier has all necessary certifications (ISO, HACCP, DFTQC export number, etc.) and experience exporting pet treats. Ensure they register their facility with the FDA (Foreign Facility Registration) and have a Nepal government Veterinary Sanitary Certificate for the dairy product.
   
2. Arrange a Purchase Agreement: Sign a proforma invoice specifying product details, Incoterms (e.g. FOB Kathmandu), prices, and required documents (COO, test reports).
   
3. Export Health & Quality Documents: The exporter obtains:
   
   • DFTQC Test Report: Government quality control certificate attesting product safety (often tested by Nepal’s FDA or NPHL).
     
   • Veterinary Health Certificate: From Nepal’s livestock services, certifying hygienic production of dairy chews.
     
   • Certificate of Origin (C/O): Issued by Nepal’s Chamber of Commerce.
     
   • GSP Certificate (if applicable): For preferential tariff access under U.S. trade programs (if Nepal qualifies).
     
   • Packing List: Detailing cartons, weight, and products.
     
   • Commercial Invoice: Itemized sale invoice.
     
4. FDA and USDA Preparations: As the U.S. importer, register your importing facility with the FDA’s FURLS system and obtain a Facility Identifier (UID). Enroll and submit Prior Notice through FDA’s PREDICT system at least 2 hours (air) or 4 hours (sea) before arrival. Apply for any required USDA APHIS VS import permit (for dairy-based pet food). Coordinate with the exporter to ensure they include the APHIS permit number on shipping docs.
   
5. Shipping Arrangements: Book freight (air or ocean) with a reliable carrier that can handle perishable pet foods. For sea shipments, use a temperature-controlled container if possible (15–21 °C) and include moisture controls. For urgent smaller loads, air freight is faster. Label all cartons clearly with handling and content information.
   
6. Customs Entry and Clearance: Upon arrival at the U.S. port of entry, a licensed customs broker submits entry documents to CBP and FDA on your behalf. This includes the entry summary, invoice, packing list, COO, health/test certificates, prior notice confirmation, and APHIS permit. Remember to file the customs entry (CBP Form 3461/7501) within 5 working days of arrival. Pay any applicable duties or fees. Although most pet foods under HS 23091000 are duty-free, you must still file the entry.
   
7. Regulatory Inspection: FDA or USDA may inspect the shipment. They will review labels and may take samples for lab testing (microbiological or chemical). Products not meeting standards can be detained or refused. To avoid this, supply complete certificates of analysis (COAs) and ensure testing is done by accredited labs before shipping.
   
8. Distribution: Once cleared, the chews can be warehoused or distributed to retailers. Maintain records of safety tests and supplier audits for FSMA compliance. Continually communicate with the Nepali exporter about any feedback or issues.

This step-by-step process must be meticulously followed. Working with experienced customs brokers and a reliable freight forwarder can ensure documents (like FDA prior notice, APHIS permit, and CBP entry) are submitted correctly and on time.

Shipping and Logistics

Choosing the right shipping method and maintaining product integrity is crucial. Sea Freight: Best for large orders (over ~8000 kg). Use a refrigerated container (reefer) or dry container with cooling packs. Set temperature around 15–21 °C and humidity 40–50%. Include moisture-absorbing materials inside cartons (silica gel or clay packets) to prevent mold. Seal pallets in humidity-resistant wrap. Attach temperature/moisture data loggers in the container. Ensure a tracking number is available to share with the importer for real-time updates.

Air Freight: Ideal for smaller, urgent shipments. Air transit is faster (1–3 days), but more expensive per kg. Ensure packages are well-protected (e.g. double-boxed) and palletized if multiple cartons. Ship in sturdy plastic or corrugated boxes to withstand handling. Air cargo facilities at major U.S. airports have refrigeration, but temperature control may still fluctuate. Shipments by air should still include desiccants and thermal insulation.

Cost Considerations: Sea freight from Kathmandu (via India/Mombasa routes) to a West Coast port may be cheaper per kilo but slower (4–6 weeks). Air freight (e.g. Kathmandu–San Francisco) costs ~$5–$10 per kg (depending on route and fuel). Factor in insurance to cover spoilage risk.

Best Practices:

• Consolidation: For small importers, consolidate orders with others to fill a container.
  
• Tracking: Always get airway bill (AWB) or bill of lading (B/L) numbers and monitor schedules.
  
• Warehouse Prep: The U.S. warehouse should be cool/dry. Offer importer guidelines for unpacking and storing chews (e.g. keep sealed until distribution).

According to U.S. import experts, investing in temperature-controlled shipping is “most cost-effective on larger shipments,” while “air freight is the best option” for smaller loads. In all cases, proper packaging (strong boxes, pallets, stretch wrap) and clear labeling help avoid damage, delays, or misrouting during transit.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Even minor oversights can derail an import. Common pitfalls include:

• Missing Documentation: Failing to provide an FDA registration number, Prior Notice confirmation, or APHIS permit can cause rejection. Likewise, omitting the Exporter’s DFTQC or sanitary certificates or the Certificate of Origin will delay customs. Always double-check that all paperwork accompanies the shipment.
  
• Incorrect Labeling: Labels with incorrect or incomplete info – for example, listing nutrition values on a dry matter basis instead of as packaged, or lacking nutrient analysis – will violate FDA rules. Mislabeling the product name (e.g. “cheese chew” vs. “dog chew”) or species can lead to refusals.
  
• Ingredient Issues: Using any unapproved additives or carrying residues of illegal pesticides can trigger detention. All ingredients must be FDA-approved for animal feed. Some importers neglect to check the Nepal facility’s cleaning records or misidentify a component.
  
• Tests and Contaminants: Underestimating testing requirements can be costly. U.S. authorities may test for heavy metals, mycotoxins, or pathogens. Skipping pre-export lab checks (microbiological and chemical) can result in a failed sample at the U.S. border. Accredited labs charge a few hundred dollars per sample for nutritional/contaminant analysis, but failing a U.S. test could destroy a shipment.
  
• Poor Packaging: Using thin or non-barrier film can lead to moisture ingress and mold. Not securing pallets can cause crushed boxes. Some importers receive shipments with collapsed cartons because the pallet wrap was inadequate. Always invest in quality packaging and clearly label cartons as “Handle with Care – Fragile Food.”
  
• Tariff Misclassification: Assigning the wrong HTS code can lead to unexpected duties or fines. Himalayan dog chews should fall under HS 2309.10.00 (Prepared animal feed), which is generally duty-free. Classifying them under a chemical or non-food code, for example, would be a costly error.

By planning ahead and enlisting knowledgeable partners (freight forwarders, brokers, legal counsel), you can avoid these mistakes and ensure a smooth import.

Estimated Costs and Tariffs

Importing involves various costs beyond the product price. Customs Duty: Himalayan yak chews (HS 2309.10.00) are typically duty-free. (A 2002 U.S. Customs ruling explicitly classified dog chews under 2309.10.0090 and stated “the rate of duty will be free”.) Even without duty, the importer pays a Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF) (~0.3464% of shipment value, min $32) and any harbor maintenance fees.

Freight: Sea freight can cost roughly $2–$5 per kg (depending on volume), while air freight is usually $5–$15 per kg. For example, a 1000 kg air shipment might run $10,000–$15,000 round trip. Reefers cost more, plus any container rental fees. Insurance is typically 0.3–0.5% of cargo value.

Testing and Compliance: Lab tests (nutritional analysis, contaminants) generally range from $200–$800 per batch. For example, one U.S. lab’s fee schedule lists a basic pet food nutrient analysis at $325. If heavy-metal screens or microbial analyses are needed, each can add a few hundred dollars. Factor in costs for Certificate of Analysis (COA) documentation and any special assays.

Certifications & Audits: If the U.S. partner requires third-party audits (e.g. USDA Organic, SQF), budget those fees too ($5k–$15k per audit). Even without them, having current certificates (ISO, HACCP) can increase supplier costs.

Example: A full import of 1 tonne (1000 kg) of yak chews from Nepal (at $13-14/kg FOB) might incur:

• FOB product: $13,500 average
  
• Air freight & insurance: $3000
  
• Sea Shipping in container for 10000-25000 kg: $1 to $0.6/kg
  
• Customs broker & MPF: $300
  
• FDA Prior Notice (free online) + minimal paperwork fees: negligible
  
• Testing (microbial + nutrients): $neglibale
  
• Packaging (export cartons, pallets): Done by Exporter
  
• Misc (importer handling, pallet fees): $200
  
• Total ~$16500, or $16.5 – $17/kg CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) before markup.

Total cost by bulk purchases by Sea shipping for 10000-25000 kgs will be like $13.5-14/kg.

Keeping accurate HTS codes and being aware of U.S. import costs helps in pricing. Since chews under 23091000 are duty-free, the biggest variable is shipping and testing.

Working with Customs Brokers and Testing Labs

Partnering with experts can save headaches. A U.S. customs broker will handle entry filing (CBP and FDA forms) and clarify any tariff or bond requirements. In fact, pet food requires a customs bond even for shipments under $2,500. Brokers ensure your paperwork is complete, classifications (HS codes) are correct, and duties/fees are paid. Their advice can prevent costly mistakes: as one customs firm notes, importers of regulated goods “should work with a professional customs broker… to avoid costly mistakes”.

For quality testing, work with accredited food labs familiar with FDA animal feed regulations. Many labs offer pet-food panels including nutrient profiles and contaminant screens. For example, NutriData lists a pet food analysis at ~$325 covering protein, moisture, fiber, and fat. Additional tests (e.g. Salmonella, E. coli, aflatoxins) may add $50–$200 each. Some importers also send samples to USDA-approved labs for veterinary screening. Keep laboratory reports on file for FDA or APHIS audits.

Engage the broker early: they can advise on AMS pesticide tests (if required) and verify that labels meet state and federal law. Likewise, a lab consultant can guide sample collection at the Nepal factory so shipments meet U.S. microbiological standards. Using these professionals streamlines compliance and reduces the risk of detention at the border.

Market Opportunities and Private Label Options

The high U.S. demand and the uniqueness of Himalayan chews offer branding opportunities. Many U.S. pet food companies import yak chews as private-label or white-label products. For example, one Nepali exporter noted that Manaram Group ships around 100 tonnes/month of chhurpi to the U.S. for repackaging under the “Himalayan Dog Chew” brand. Smaller U.S. pet startups often purchase generic yak chews and label them with their own branding and story about Himalayan origins.

Sales prospects are bright: given Nepal’s export growth (around 227% increase over five years) and rising U.S. import volumes, many entrepreneurs see yak chews as a niche with room to grow. The Himalayan origin story itself is a selling point. According to industry sources, savvy brands “tell your story” on packaging – e.g. “made at 2,600 m above sea level” – to tap into the premium market.

With the U.S. pet industry spent on natural treats, imported yak chews can command higher margins. A packaging expert found that a unique flavor or limited-edition yak chew can fetch a 42% profit margin compared to generic products. Importers should explore private labeling: working with a Nepali manufacturer to create exclusive recipes, flavors or sizes. As the pet packaging blog notes, “the brands winning right now combine all these elements – they’re not just selling dog chews, they’re selling an experience”.

U.S. importers should also watch for new channels: e-commerce sales of pet treats are booming (set to overtake retail by 2027). Private-label yak chew brands that optimize online marketing (clear windows, health claims, Himalayan images) can quickly carve out loyal audiences. In short, by partnering with certified Nepali exporters, U.S. companies can develop branded Himalayan yak chew lines – whether by sticking with the standard “white-label” products or investing in fully private-label R&D.

Import Checklist for the USA

To summarize, here are key action steps for importing Himalayan dog chews:

• Supplier Verification: Confirm your Nepalese exporter has all certifications (ISO, HACCP, SA8000, DFTQC) and obtains a Veterinary Sanitary Certificate and DFTQC Test Report (quarantine release).
  
• FDA Registration: Ensure both the foreign processor and your U.S. facility are registered with FDA (Food Facility Registration). Obtain Unique Facility Identifiers (UFIs) for submission.
  
• Prior Notice: File prior notice with FDA (Bioterrorism Act) before each shipment.
  
• USDA/APHS Permit: Obtain an APHIS import permit for dairy-based pet food.
  
• Label Review: Have all labels reviewed for FDA compliance (21 CFR Part 501 and AAFCO guidelines). Include Guaranteed Analysis and feeding instructions.
  
• Documentation: Collect and prepare all export docs – Commercial Invoice, Packing List, COO, health certificate, test reports – and send copies to your customs broker.
  
• Tariff Code: Use HTS 2309.10.00.90 for dog/cat treats (duty-free).
  
• Shipping Plans: Decide on air or sea freight. Use temperature/humidity control (refrigeration or desiccants).
  
• Customs Entry: Work with a U.S. broker to file entry, CBP forms, and EPA regulations if any. Provide all documentation.
  
• Testing: Before shipping, conduct heavy metal, microbiological, and nutrient tests. Keep COAs and lab reports.
  
• Ongoing Compliance: Maintain records (FSVP file, test results, supplier checks). Plan for annual updates of FDA registrations and testing.

By ticking off these steps, importers can significantly reduce delays and compliance risks.

Why Import Himalayan Yak Chews?

Global Demand & Market Size

The demand for natural pet treats has surged worldwide, and Himalayan yak chews are at the forefront of this growth. According to Nepal’s Trade and Export Promotion Centre, dog chew exports rose by 27.8% in the first half of 2024–25, with the United States emerging as the leading importer. This growth reflects a strong shift in consumer preference toward safe, healthy, and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional pet chews. Industry experts project that the global pet treat market will continue expanding at a CAGR of 6–7% through 2030, making yak chews an increasingly attractive product for U.S. distributors and retailers.

Benefits vs. Rawhide & Synthetic Chews

Unlike rawhide chews, which are often treated with chemicals and can pose choking hazards, Himalayan yak chews are made from 100% natural yak and cow milk. They are rich in protein, calcium, and essential minerals, while being free from artificial preservatives. As Dr. Sarah Wooten, DVM, notes, “Chewing on firm, natural textures can support dental health while offering dogs a safer alternative to heavily processed chews.” The durability of yak chews also makes them long-lasting, offering hours of engagement for dogs of all sizes, which reduces the need for constant replacements.

Consumer Trends: Natural, Organic, Long-Lasting Treats

Today’s pet parents are increasingly mindful of what they feed their companions. A 2023 Packaged Facts survey found that over 70% of U.S. dog owners prefer natural or organic pet products, with longevity and digestibility ranking among their top concerns. Himalayan yak chews align perfectly with these demands—providing a sustainably sourced, long-lasting, and highly nutritious treat. This makes them a competitive product in the U.S. market, where pet owners are willing to pay a premium for quality and authenticity.

Conclusion

Importing Himalayan yak chews into the USA can be highly rewarding given the booming market for natural pet treats. The key is partnership: work with a certified Nepalese exporter that understands U.S. rules. A reputable Nepali supplier will ensure strong quality controls (ISO/HACCP), handle export paperwork (DFTQC tests, vet certificates, COO), and help tailor labeling for the U.S. market. Meanwhile, importers should stay current on U.S. regulations (FDA, FSMA, USDA) and collaborate with customs brokers and food labs.

Following the guidelines above, U.S. pet brands and distributors can tap into the rapidly growing demand for Himalayan dog chews. As one industry expert advises, make sure to “partner with an exporter who understands and complies with FDA and USDA regulations, maintains proper certifications, ensures accurate labeling and packaging, and manages shipping logistics effectively”. By doing so, you’ll unlock the potential of this premium pet product.For U.S. companies searching for a Himalayan dog chew supplier from Nepal, contact us at YforYak – we are a certified exporter ready to help you 10x your pet treat lineup with authentic, top-quality yak cheese chews. Start importing Nepal’s finest dog chews today and meet the growing demand of U.S. pet owners.